在你签租约之前，要了解房东-租客法的要点. 更新: In 2019 the 维吉尼亚州 General Assembly 太k action to bring all residential rental property into the fold of the 维吉尼亚州 Residential 房东 & 租户行为. 现在，拥有住宅租赁物业的业主不能选择退出VRLTA. 维吉尼亚州 until recently had two separate bodies of landlord-tenant law: the old common law which the colonists brought with them 400 years ago, 以及更新的《十大电子游艺网站排行》. 普通法向地主倾斜得非常厉害. 2019年对VRLTA的法定调整更加平衡, 但还是偏向地主. 过去是指操作4个或更少的人, 那么最近的2个或更少的住宅物业可以选择退出VRLTA. 这不再是一个选择, 因为随着2019年夏季的法定更新, 弗吉尼亚州的所有住宅租赁都受VRLTA管辖. 然而, 根据我们的经验, there are plenty of old lease agreements out there that landlord and tenant executed (signed) BEFORE 2019 where landlord “opted out” of the VRLTA, 这在当时是允许的. 进一步, 有很多房东都不知道VRLTA在2019年席卷了他们.
如果你从夫妻店房东那里租房子，问问他们在哪里签的租赁协议. 一些房东从网上免费或廉价下载的垃圾文件含糊地提到“符合州法律”.“已阅读上文第(1)项, 你在弗吉尼亚看到了吗, 在租赁协议中模糊地提及“州法律”并不一定能澄清问题? You want to know that a 维吉尼亚州 attorney helped landlord prepare the lease and that you know which landlord-tenant law is governing your lease agreement.
签租约前先看一遍. 每当有人递给你一张要你签名的纸时，那是给他们的，不是给你的. 用你内心的声音重复几次. “这是给他们的，不是给我的.” I’ve seen lease agreements that were two pages long; others that were the better part of 20 pages with all the addenda pages included. 但条款(个人细节)总是倾向于房东. 未来的租客总是可以对未来的房东说, “我要去我的律师办公室，在我签字之前让她看一眼.“如果房东反对你这样做，这不是一个明确的信号，让你逃跑吗??
如果你同意在每月的第一天付房租，你就能在每月的第一天付房租. If your money comes to you from your employer in a pay arrangement where you don’t actually get the money in your bank account until the second or third of the month, 看在上帝的份上, 不要承诺第一次就付房租. 只是不. 与房东协商一个不同的交租日期. 当你知道你在一个月的某一天没有钱付房租时，你却在那一天签约付房租，这无疑是一种痛苦.
入学检查表. 创建并保存一份详细的入住清单，记录你在入住后能立即发现的每一个细微的差异. 如果你做得足够好，它应该有几页长. You must record every little jot and tittle of scars and gouges and marks; places where you can see the prior tenant had a throw rug and sunlight has discolored some of the flooring, 脏手轻轻碰过墙的地方, 墙上最小的挂画孔, 等. 吱吱响的铰链. 穿地毯. 宽松的门把手. 冰箱里有黄油盘子吗? 把它写下来. 冰箱里没有黄油盘? 把它写下来. 在每一个固定灯具中都有一个大小合适的灯泡吗?每一个灯都能正常照明吗? 是的? 把它写下来. No? 把它写下来. 每个厕所都冲水吗?? 每个排水沟都排水吗?? 窗户上有纱窗吗?有还是没有? 纱窗和窗台干净吗? 打开热水，再冲一次马桶. 你们懂的. 为什么? Because all the discrepancies you miss will be on landlord’s list of things he expects you to pay to be replaced or repaired when you move out. 寄一份搬家清单给你的房东，并保留一份，就像它很值钱一样. 如果你的房东说你不需要做搬家清单, 制作一份搬家清单尤为重要. 如果你在房东的在线门户网站上做了一份搬家清单，也给自己做一份纸质清单. 丝网印刷就好了. 寄一份给房东，并留一份作为你的记录——好像有一天这份复印件会值钱似的. 你真的认为房东会在你搬出去后分享他那本华丽的网络版吗?
你的房东不是你的门房. 在现代，大多数外行将租赁协议视为合同. 在现实和法律传统中，它也是一种有时效的土地转让. For the term of the lease (the time lapse set forth in the written agreement) that little parcel of land and the dwelling unit on it is yours, 根据你的义务，小心对待它，并在租赁结束时将其以体面的状态归还给业主. 但总的来说，在租期内，房子暂时归你所有. 你来处理吧. 如果你的房子里发生了灾难，你当然应该通知房东. 但是如果一个灯泡烧坏了, don’t call the landlord and expect them to whistle over there to change it unless landlord has specifically agreed to something that minor in the written agreement. 如果你堵了排水管，你应该找修理工，而不是房东. 如果你的孩子想玩人猿泰山，把一个灯具从天花板上拉下来，你就把它修好.
用书信沟通, 除了其他任何方便的, 现代, 快速矢量你和房东喜欢. 这篇文章有一个重要的主题:在纸上进行书面交流. 你的作者敏锐地意识到这些天, 我们都会本能地拿起手机，给别人打电话或发短信来“解决”问题. 弗吉尼亚的房东-房客法和证据规则对此很奇怪. 房东-租客法更倾向于一流的美国法律.S. 邮件. 只是说说而已. 如果你的房东要求你使用某种在线故障单系统, use it; but follow up with a written and 邮件ed communication and a screen print of your online maintenance request. 除非你的租赁协议要求挂号信或回执, 别把钱花在那些额外的东西上——一等邮资就行了. 在文件中保存一个副本.
对租赁协议的修改需要写下来，你可以写下来. 如果你和房东有口头协议要修改书面租赁协议, 立即把它们写下来，以纪念这些变化. “亲爱的先生. 房东: the purpose of this note is to record our verbal agreement made in person today when you and I agreed that I have your permission to park a third motor vehicle on the property. 如果我误解你了，请告诉我. 真诚的，你的房客.“按一等邮件寄到租约上房东的地址, 并保留一份复印件. 这种方式, 如果房东“忘了”，你有东西可以保护自己,或者没有以书面形式回答他对那次谈话的记忆与你的不同.
租户的断言. 事情真的失控了吗? 冬天没有暖气? 盛夏没有空调? 房东无视你和现在的情况? 自助很诱人，但却是错误的. 你不可能突然搬出去. 你没有奖励自己不付房租的特权. 不管你的动机有多正当，对我们州的房客来说，这都是失败的行为. 正确的操作是提交租户的断言. 这是一种独特的法庭诉讼，承租人可以向当地普通地区法院的书记员支付租金，而不是向房东支付. 有一些表格可以在线启动租户的声明. Filing a Tenant’s Assertion and paying rent to Clerk of Court instead of to 房东 does two things for you: (1) gets 房东’s attention fast and (2) generates an opportunity to talk about the problem with the Judge. 很多次, 对于严重的问题，房东有责任解决, the Court will refund some or all of the rent and/or allow Tenant to break the lease and move out by Court Order (avoiding your risk of 房东’s civil claim for breach of the lease later on).
60天通常意味着90天. Your lease agreement probably contains a provision that it will renew automatically (usually for another equal length of time as the first) unless landlord or tenant gives the other notice of intent to not renew and that the notice is due to the other party 60 days prior to the date that the lease will automatically renew. 你猜怎么着? 60天并不是从你在这个地方的最后一天算起的60天. It is almost always taken to mean 60 days prior to the day rent is due for the month that will be the month of your last day in the place. 这意味着如果你想在七月底出去, 例如, 你的注意, 寄给房东, needs to get to the landlord 60 days before July 1st – which requires it to get to landlord on or before the last day of April – not 60 days before the last day of July – and NOT merely 60 days from the date you 邮件ed it. 晚一点你就会知道房东有多无情了!
你不必等到合同终止后60(或90)天才发出不续约通知. 你是否已经在这个单位的第一年学习了一半，并决定在第一个学期结束时住在其他地方? 原因通常不重要, and you usually don’t have to give a particular reason in a notice of lease termination – just one sentence to say that you intend to not renew the lease. You can write landlord right then – there is no need to try to carefully time 你的注意 of non-renewal until exactly 60 or 90 days before the automatic renewal date.
你和其他住户之间的分租协议不同于你和房东之间的书面租约. It is a virtually universal requirement among landlords that each adult who will reside in the rental premises must sign the lease agreement, and each person who signs the lease agreement is individually responsible to landlord for the full amount of the rent – regardless of how tenants have agreed among themselves to split the living expenses. 配偶, 警探, 的未婚妻, 同事, 学生分担校外公寓的费用, 成年子女, 等. 我觉得搬到一起住是个好主意, 过了一段时间，当他们都签了租约后，这段关系的繁荣就消失了, 有人搬出去了. 然后，留在原地的房客没有足够的钱来支付全额租金. It is not a strong defense to landlord’s lawsuit for unpaid rent that you had a side deal with a co-tenant that co-tenant breached with you.
移出清单. 当你的租期临近，你准备搬出去的时候，创建一个搬家清单 . 从你的搬家清单开始. 你搬进来的时候窗户上有纱窗吗? 那你就需要一份你搬出去的时候他们还在的记录. 这些天, 用手机拍下你从一个房间到另一个房间的视频是一件相对简单的事情, 呼唤着干净的地板, 光滑的墙壁, 窗户上的干净玻璃, 水槽和厕所里的干净碗, 等. 然而, making a paper record in the form of a checklist is important in case at some point in the future your ex-landlord’s opinion of the empty premises differs from yours. 您应该计划修复所有不在搬进清单上的缺陷. 搬家预算. 例如, 如果租约要求你聘请专业的地毯清洁工, 你不可能在狮食店租个地毯蒸笼自己动手. 你有支付给专业人员做家务的收据吗.
把你的新地址寄给以前的房东. 弗吉尼亚州的法律对那些认为自己可以消失的租户持悲观态度. 不幸的是, that view scoops up those who fail to observe the importance of properly informing former landlord of their future whereabouts by innocent oversight. 一旦你出去了，钥匙交了回来，写信告诉房东你的新地址. 你是否亲自向房东提过你的新地址并不重要, or that you’ve filled out landlord’s information sheet in the on-site management office or that you’ve personally seen landlord or his agent write down your new address when you told them. 你写了一封简短的信:“亲爱的房东:我们是你在Any Street 123号的前房客, 十大电子游艺网站排行, 维吉尼亚州. 我们现在住在爱荷华州得梅因其他街345号. 真诚的前租户.“如果你不这样做，你就有可能在空置的出租房收到诉讼通知. 这种事在弗吉尼亚每天都在发生. Not telling your former landlord where you’ve gone in the manner prescribed by landlord-tenant law does not inhibit the landlord from using the courts to seek a judgment against you.
